вторник, 23 сентября 2025 г.

My mother's stories (chapter thirty two)

 

chapter 32

Reading between the lines


       As I expected, all my good intentions to stop reading the news came to nothing. I can't help seeing that it's not really the news but just an ill-informing and ill-performed show meant for fools. So why do I keep reading it? Is it just fear that my dear country is going to be torn to pieces or that ferocious Russian troops will burst into my unfortunate city and begin to kill and rape? It's stupid to believe that it's possible to be prepared for that. Yet I continue to rummage through the news as if searching for a needle in a haystack and never finding it. The only comforting thing is that I've learned how to scroll through quickly: reading mostly the headlines and clicking only if the news looks more or less promising. Some of the texts just contain their own headline repeated several times and diluted with a good deal of water, the others don't correspond to their headlines at all. It's so irritating! No wonder that people in their comments scold the news-makers with the same rage as they scold politicians. As for all sorts of politicians, I can't find another word for their performance except “clownery”. And what is more, I can't get rid of the nasty feeling that they use words not to express their own thoughts but rather to distract us all from their true intentions and activities.

       Somehow it reminded me of one book that I read years ago, actually at the time of my distant youth in the USSR. It was a thick volume, but it was well-written and, it seemed, the author knew his subject well. In addition, there was a touching love story there. So, it was quite understandable that, in spite of its considerable size, I liked to reread the book, which is why so many details from it got stuck in my memory. The main character was a soviet agent working somewhere in the occupied France during the Second World War. I was impressed, of course, by his good looks, valiance and nobility, but especially by his talent for languages, that allowed him to learn German so perfectly. It seemed impossible to achieve it with our school education. Obviously, there had to be some special schools for our soviet agents, where they, unlike our teachers, did know how to teach languages properly. 

       Still, the most useful information that I derived from that old book was about the importance of the ability to read between the lines. Naturally, it was a vital skill if you lived in the occupied country, where all the newspapers lied about the situation on the battle-fields. For example, if they wrote about German troops leveling the front line, it only meant that the Germans continued to retreat and that they had lost a few more settlements. I used to find this joke really funny. Nowadays it doesn't seem so amusing to me, because it's our Ukrainian troops that are gradually retreating before superior enemy forces. And it's our Ukrainian news I read every day, trying to understand how much truth I can extract from it.

       Anyway, I am not good enough at “reading between the lines” and don't think I'll ever become proficient in this art. Yet, after reading the news for several months, it's not that hard for me to understand that for some reason my country has become the hostage in somebody else's dirty games. I will never be able to accept that it should be so. It's beyond my comprehension why Western countries give us weapons to fight Russia with one hand and with the other hand they continue to trade with it. It really looks like some kind of a perpetual motion machine that can't be stopped. Doesn't it seem that in spite of all the talks about high values of modern civilization it can't exist without wars? I am afraid I can't think about it without the deepest disgust. There could be some doubts about it all, of course, but they definitely say that before the Second World War and even some time after it started, Western countries continued to trade with Germany. Business has always been above all other concerns. And my business here is to continue my mother's stories about the Second World War. She, at least, was an eye-witness and didn't base her tales on unreliable and often untruthful news.

       For four long years the great waves of the Second World War rolled over my mother's village, bringing with them a lot of troubles and insecurities. From time immemorial villages have been considered as the natural and inexhaustible source of food for passing military troops. So it was not something really new for them. Not to mention that under communist regime peasants had to endure the same treatment, at least since the beginning of the total collectivization that started in 1930 and actually brought the second serfdom to them. No wonder, my mother's fellow-villagers knew so well how to hide their food supplies if they didn't want to be robbed of everything. During the War they even had more options and sometimes swapped their food for something valuable. But mostly always hungry and hardened in battles soldiers grabbed everything more or less nourishing that they managed to find.

       For some reason one vivid episode particularly struck my little mother's imagination. I think it was the Romanians who burst into their yard that time because they immediately demanded corn or “papushoi” as they called it in Romanian. I imagine how they shouted for joy when somewhere on the shelves they suddenly found a small bag full of corn grits. Or maybe it was corn flour. Anyway, without delay the hungry men kindled a bonfire straight in my mother's family's yard. And there, in the pot of their own, they started to cook hominy, the traditional Romanian dish. “Corn and hominy. It seemed they just couldn't live without them,” my mother used to sniff a little scornfully, forgetting at that moment that the Ukrainians had the same attitude towards wheat and bread. But the hungry Romanians did manage to impress her when after taking their pot away from the fire they started to eat extremely hot porridge without any spoons. She was really fascinated by the sight when after seizing small portions of hot hominy they skillfully shaped them into small balls and began to throw those pellets from one hand to another. They just wished to cool them a bit before eating, but for my little mother the whole scene looked like some odd game or a ritual. No wonder she was so impressed.

       This may seem even weirder, but in my school days, when I was a couple of years older than my mother back then, I was just as much impressed by a story about pilaf that I found in one book. Its author was telling how he used to travel around some eastern Soviet republic in search of the original recipe of pilaf. He never managed to find out what their secret was and why it was so delicious. But his description of the process of cooking was full of inspiration. The local chef looked like a real magician when, with a concentrated expression on his swarthy face, he was adding different ingredients to the rice that was quietly bubbling in the large pot. And how astonished I was when in the end all the guests sat around the very hot pot with pilaf and started to eat it with their bare hands. The author assured his readers that with such manner of eating pilaf seemed even more delicious.

       That picturesque story about pilaf couldn't help but remind me of my mother's tale about the hungry Romanian soldiers eating hominy. They hardly had all the necessary ingredients for their dish, but I am sure they found it no less tasty. Anyway, it was not too often that my mother's family got off so easily as in the case of those Romanians. Closer to the end of the war some German soldiers found their beloved sow, which they had been hiding so successfully for three years. It was really fertile, having its piglets twice a year and in that way giving them a good addition to their moderate income. Their grandma Euphemia with tears in her eyes ran towards their swine's hiding place and tried to plead with the Germans. But everything was in vain – neither her own old age nor their pig's pregnancy touched anyone. Without delay it was killed and eaten immediately after it was more or less baked.

       And that's how I imagine the war-time after listening to my mother's stories, reading all those books and watching a lot of movies about the Second World War. First of all, it's a great number of tired, hungry men, most of whom are ruthlessly, and often against their own will, uprooted from their habitual soil and who are aware of the fact that tomorrow they may well be dead. So is it really surprising that they become ruthless and even savage?

To be continued...

(c) Anna Shevchenko

воскресенье, 13 апреля 2025 г.

My mother's stories (chapter thirty one - the ending)

 

chapter 31

The last war

(the ending)


       It was said after the war that those three men weren't conscripted but had been left behind on purpose to help organize partisan warfare in their native land that was so conveniently overgrown with thick deciduous woods. To give themselves more room for maneuver, they joined the occupation police, skillfully using their position to supply partisans with useful information and food. Occasionally, they stealthily left notes for the occupants, warning them of partisans' vengeance if they so much as dared to touch any of the local women. I think it was some comfort for poor women to know that their protectors, whom the occupants really feared, were hiding in the woods not far from their dwellings.

       In soviet movies about the Second World War partisans usually blew up railways or bridges or, at the very least, houses with some occupants inside. It's a pity but I can't remember much about partisan activities near my mother's village. No explosions anyway, except, perhaps, another funny story, which, as far as I can remember, was one of my mother's favourite tales. It definitely showed how cunning the three Ukrainian policemen were. Though, following German pronunciation, people usually called each of them “polizei”. Actually, they should have said one “polizist” and three “polizisten”, but the villagers didn't know German so well back then.

       Obviously, every time the occupants tried to find partisans' hiding place, those three guys helped them to comb the forest. I imagine what a picturesque group it was: in the vanguard there was the human shield of local people walking in line among the trees under the supervision of three agile “polizei”. And just behind the villagers there were the occupants treading cautiously in their wake with their machine-guns at the ready. They never found anything or anyone, though. Knowing the forest much better than the occupants, those smart “polizei” used to organize everything so nicely that somewhere in the thicket partisans surreptitiously joined the villagers and all of them together continued to circle among the trees. I'm afraid I forgot whether the partisans left the group of their catchers while they all were still in the forest or went with them to the village and returned to their earth-houses hidden in the thicket in the dead of night. But I still remember how my mother smacked her lips with pleasure while telling me this story, which was quite understandable. The occupants really looked rather stupid there. Besides, it undoubtedly showed that at least half of the village knew about their three “polizei” true activities but kept silent about it.

       It was not something unusual, of course. No partisan movement could ever survive without the help and the support provided by the local population. My teenage mother was also eager to help partisans but was rejected as a daughter of “an enemy of the people”. It might seem incredible, but even then, during the occupation, the iron grip of Stalin's punitive bodies was still wrapped tightly around people's minds. But what struck most unpleasantly here was that the man who wrote false information against my grandfather felt comfortable under both regimes: Stalin's and Hitler's. During the occupation, he rented a local mill. Later, it would undoubtedly be considered as collaboration with the enemy, but he was farsighted enough to give (in secret) some part of the flour to the partisans. So the man was quite alright when the Soviet power came back. Not to mention that in 1947, when so many people starved to death, he had enough grain to feed not only his family but even his chickens. The only thing that the man couldn't really live through was the censure of all the village after they suddenly found out that he was an informer.

       Coming back to the story of the three “polizei” helping partisans, I can only say that it was very popular among the villagers and looked rather like one of those legends that had always circulated in the village. Yet the fact is that the men really worked as spies without any exposure for almost three years. Maybe this gave them a false sense of security and that's why they failed in the end. I suppose they had a radio, well hidden somewhere in a safe place. So, unlike their fellow-villagers, those three men were aware of the Red Army approaching their parts. Perhaps, in their joy, they drank too much on that day, and that's how they were caught, while driving across the fields in the direction of the forest, sprawled in their cart full of victuals for the partisans.

       The Germans would have paid them no attention, as they had done so many times before, but on that day the men were singing soviet war songs at the top of their voices. No wonder people couldn't help but admire their reckless bravery. Someone must have seen them singing in their cart and then being arrested, because the news about it quickly spread around the village. But after that there was nothing - the men seemed to have disappeared without leaving a trace. Just like my unfortunate grandfather in 1938. My poor mother had been waiting for him to come back for years, not knowing that soon after his arrest and a parody of a trial he was executed. The German occupants had nothing to do with my grandfather's tragic end, of course, but they used the same methods as Stalin's apprentices.

       In the story of the three “polizei” I can definitely see the same pattern. Evidently, the Germans didn't tell the truth to their relatives. For a few weeks after the men's disappearance, one of the wives was seen walking anxiously around the village, asking if anyone had heard something about her husband. She couldn't find out anything. People would never have known what really happened if soon after the liberation one man hadn't come to the village and told them what he had seen with his own eyes a month or so before. As it turned out, he was hiding in the attic of a derelict house at the edge of the forest at the time. From his hiding place he could clearly see a small glade, where, to his horror, he suddenly spotted the dark figures of the Germans bringing three half-naked men. Unable to move, he had to watch how they were mercilessly beaten by their tormentors and then forced to dig their own grave.

       The spring was already in full swing when the poor men's bodies were exhumed and reburied at the local cemetery. By that time, they were completely unrecognizable - not only because of the decay but also because of unmistakable traces of torture that had distorted their features. Still, there was no doubt about their identity as one of the wives recognized a scrap of fabric with a peculiar pattern that stuck to one of the bodies. No one in the village had such a shirt except her husband and he was definitely wearing it on that unfortunate day. This horrible ending seems rather unsuitable to the story of three “polizei”. The first half of it would fit in a good war comedy. There is something disgusting in people's ability to make nice comedies about war. I can't deny that I watched some of them and couldn't help laughing. But the ending of this story undoubtedly shows an unadorned face of a real war in all its atrocious ugliness.

       When I am thinking of those politicians, who are sitting just now in their luxurious offices, planning the next war and rubbing their hands in anticipation of future profits, I imagine that if they only were able to feel what real war was, they would never dare to start it. Unfortunately, I can't be sure even in that because I have recently developed a harmful habit of reading the news every day. And every time when I try to remember what I've just read, I have an unpleasant sensation that, while I was reading, a discordant chorus of ill-assorted voices was shouting nonsense at me. But the main thing is that the more I read the news, the more it seems to me that most of the people, and especially their leaders – the rulers of the destinies that is – are just maniacs with an unhealthy thirst for self-destruction. It looks like the life and death of notorious dictators, such as Adolf Hitler, Benito Mussolini and Ion Antonescu haven't taught them anything. I know I should stop it - reading the news, I mean, as it's not in my power to stop the madness of the world.

To be continued...

(c) Anna Shevchenko

вторник, 25 февраля 2025 г.

My mother's stories (chapter thirty one - the continuation)

chapter 31

The last war

(the continuation)


       I don't really know how long my mother and her fellow-villagers lived under the Romanian occupation. I think for about two years. The Romanians definitely thought they came to settle down on our land for good. At the time of their rule children even attended school where they had to learn German and Romanian. I remember my mother complaining to me how she hated the very sound of German. But, unexpectedly, she liked Romanian and was so successful in it that she was even offered to enter some boarding school for gifted children. Her mother, however, refused flatly as she had always preferred to have her industrious elder daughter near at hand. It was my grandmother's usual selfishness but, in that case, I believe, it was the right decision. Shortly before the war began, they had already been marked as “a family of an enemy of the people” by Stalin's repressive machine. They definitely didn't need “the collaboration with the occupants” added to the list of their sins after the Soviet power returned. Although, during the occupation nobody really knew whether that day was going to come at all.

       There were some vague rumours, of course, but, on the whole, they were completely cut off from all sources of information. No news-papers to look into. Not to mention that all the radios were confiscated by Soviet authorities at the very beginning of the war. Maybe I am not right here but I have always found this action as infuriating as the notorious law of three spikelets. Perhaps it's true that they did it to prevent panic. Yet I suspect that communists just didn't want our people to listen to German propagandists, whose cheerful voices tried to inform everybody that any kind of resistance was futile and would entail inevitable death. And who could know better than communists what a powerful weapon propaganda can be in skillful hands?

       But it doesn't matter whose propagandists were better at the time. It takes much more than just ingenious propaganda to win a large-scale war. That's why it's impossible to predict how it is going to end. People in my mother's village didn't know, of course, that somewhere far away in snow-covered fields, not far from Moscow actually, the advancing German troops were stopped and started to retreat at last. So the villagers were rather surprised when one day they discovered that the Romanians suddenly departed, leaving their river bank to the Germans, who immediately justified their dark reputation and proved to be even worse than their predecessors.

       Unlike the Romanians, the German occupants didn't bother about school education - at that time their affairs at the battle-fields were too alarming for that. Besides, they started to have real problems with lack of manpower in their own country. Actually, it's inevitable if a war lasts longer than two years, and it explains why, trying to overcome their difficulties, the Germans started to seize more or less young and healthy people from the local population in order to send them to work in Germany. Naturally, nobody wanted to be sent there, or to be precise “driven away”, as if they were slaves or some cattle. And here I can't tell how much it reminds me of Stalin's regime's ruthless attitude to its own people. The great mustached leader liked to send the whole nations into exile. No wonder his mates - communists - also preferred violence and cruelty while trying to whip everybody up in the direction of the bright future.

       But coming back to my young mother, I can only say that people tried desperately to avoid the dubious honour of being driven away to Germany. During the raids my mother's family was successfully hiding in their neighbours' deep pit, skillfully disguised. They were a bit cramped there but at least it was spacious enough to accommodate them all. Not everybody was so lucky though. A man and his teenage son were discovered in their hole and were both shot while running away. The boy got off with only permanent damage to his leg but his unfortunate father was shot dead. The Germans didn't leave his corpse to lie in peace but hanged it in plain view in a tree to show the others what the price of disobedience was. The villages, however, didn't shrink back from what they considered to be their duty. In spite of the great risk, someone quietly removed the dead body from its tree as soon as the darkness of the night enveloped the village. After dragging the poor man's body to their neighbours' gate, they warned them that now it was their turn to move it further in the direction of the cemetery. Those people dragged it to the next yard and in such a fashion the body reached my mother's family's gate at last. As their yard was the nearest to the local cemetery it seemed logical that it was them who had to bury their fellow-villager as soon as possible.

       To their luck, just at that time a teenage boy, disguised as a girl, was hiding in their hut. He lived not very far from them but as he was threatened with being driven away to Germany his mother asked them to give her son a shelter. Every morning the boy surreptitiously shaved his adolescent mustache in order to look more convincing in his female clothes. So it was him and my 13-year-old mother who got a difficult task to bury the dead man before the sunrise. I imagine those two teenagers, hastily digging the grave in the dark, occasionally looking east to see the first glimpse of the approaching sun. Actually, it was the boy who was digging and my mother was raking out the earth. The scene was definitely worthy of some Soviet movie about the war, especially those which were made soon after it was over or even during it. Those films were usually of lower quality and as a rule contained one or two really gruesome episodes. Who knows how many such traumatic scenes I watched over in my childhood and teens? And an odd thing is that for some reason none of my mother's stories about the war gave me such a strong feeling of revulsion and fear as those old movies did. Even her story about three Ukrainian policemen seemed to me rather funny, at least the first half of it. I think it was their ingenuity and reckless bravery that gave me that feeling.

To be continued...

(c) Anna Shevchenko